2.1 Communication: Concepts and Nature.
BLIS-201: Information and Communication.
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1. Meaning and Definition of Communication:
Communication can be defined as the process of transmitting and receiving information, ideas, thoughts, and emotions through various channels, including verbal and nonverbal means. The word ‘Communication’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Communis’, which means ‘sharing’. Communication is the process of exchanging words, signs, or information with others and enables us to pass information. Oxford Dictionary defines it as “The imparting conveying or exchanging of ideas and knowledge whether by speech, writing or signs”.
Communication is:
- Act or instance of transmitting;
- Imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech, writing, etc;
- Something imparted, interchanged or transmitted;
- Document or message imparting information, opinions, etc; process by which information is exchanged between individuals or groups through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior.
- Communication is said to take place when an area of common experience exists.
2. The Origin of Communication:
The origins of communication can be traced back to the early stages of human evolution. Even before the development of language, early humans used gestures, facial expressions, and body language to convey messages and establish social bonds. Evidence suggests that our early ancestors communicated through non-verbal means, such as facial expressions, body language, and gestures. As humans evolved, they began to develop more sophisticated forms of communication, including the use of vocal sounds and language.
2.3 Prehistoric Forms of Communication: In prehistoric times, humans used primitive forms of communication, such as cave paintings, symbols, and gestures, to communicate with each other and express their ideas and experiences.
2.4 Development of Oral and Written Communication: With the emergence of language, oral communication became a prominent form of human interaction. Oral traditions, storytelling, and conversations played a vital role in transmitting knowledge and preserving cultural heritage. Later, the development of writing systems led to written communication, enabling information to be recorded and shared across time and space.
2.5 Communication in Ancient Civilizations:Ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, made significant contributions to the advancement of communication. They developed writing systems, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics, which facilitated the exchange of information, administrative record-keeping, and the spread of ideas.
2.6 Communication in the Middle Ages: During the Middle Ages, communication faced challenges due to limited literacy rates and the dominance of the Church. However, the development of printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized communication by making books more accessible and facilitating the dissemination of knowledge.
2.7 Communication in the Modern Era: The invention of the telegraph in the 19th century marked a significant milestone in long-distance communication. It was followed by the telephone, radio, television, and eventually the internet, which revolutionized the way information is transmitted and accessed, enabling instant global communication.
2.8 Communication in the Digital Age: In the digital age, communication has become more interactive, accessible, and widespread. The advent of social media, email, instant messaging, and video conferencing has transformed the way people connect, collaborate, and share information across geographical boundaries.
3: Importance of Communication.
3.1 Effective Decision Making: Communication plays a vital role in decision-making processes. Through effective communication, individuals and groups can gather and exchange relevant information, analyze different perspectives, and reach informed decisions. Clear and concise communication ensures that decisions are well understood and implemented.
3.2 Building and Maintaining Relationships: Communication is essential for building and maintaining relationships, both personal and professional. It enables individuals to express their thoughts, feelings, and expectations, fostering understanding, trust, and mutual respect. Effective communication helps in resolving conflicts, establishing rapport, and nurturing strong connections.
3.3 Knowledge Sharing and Information Dissemination: Communication serves as a means to share knowledge, ideas, and information. In the field of Library and Information Sciences, effective communication facilitates the dissemination of valuable resources, research findings, and scholarly works. It enables the exchange of information within the academic community and promotes intellectual growth and collaboration.
3.4 Conflict Resolution: Conflicts are inevitable in any human interaction. Communication plays a crucial role in conflict resolution by providing a platform for expressing concerns, listening to different perspectives, and finding mutually acceptable solutions. Effective communication techniques, such as active listening and open dialogue, help in resolving conflicts amicably.
3.5 Enhancing Personal and Professional Growth:Strong communication skills contribute to personal and professional growth. Clear and effective communication enables individuals to articulate their ideas, express themselves confidently, and engage in meaningful conversations. It enhances their ability to collaborate, negotiate, and present information persuasively, leading to personal development and career advancement.
3.6 Organizational Communication: Communication is the lifeblood of organizations. It ensures smooth coordination, efficient workflow, and effective teamwork. Clear communication channels, such as memos, emails, meetings, and reports, facilitate the exchange of information, instructions, and feedback within an organization. Strong organizational communication fosters a positive work environment and improves productivity.
3.7 Societal Impact of Communication: Communication has a profound impact on society as a whole. It enables the sharing of ideas, cultural values, and social norms, contributing to the preservation and evolution of society. Effective communication channels, such as mass media, influence public opinion, shape social movements, and raise awareness about critical issues, leading to social change.
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4: Purpose of Communication:
4.1 Informative Communication: One of the primary purposes of communication is to inform. Informative communication involves the dissemination of factual information, news, research findings, and educational content. It aims to provide accurate and reliable information to enhance understanding and knowledge.
4.2 Persuasive Communication: Persuasive communication aims to influence the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of others. It involves presenting arguments, appealing to emotions, and using persuasive techniques to convince the audience. Persuasive communication is commonly used in marketing, advertising, public advocacy, and persuasive speeches.
4.3 Instructive Communication: Instructive communication focuses on providing guidance, instructions, and directions. It is commonly used in educational settings, training programs, and instructional materials. Instructive communication aims to impart knowledge, develop skills, and ensure effective learning.
4.4 Expressive Communication:Expressive communication involves the expression of thoughts, emotions, and artistic forms of communication. It includes forms such as literature, poetry, music, dance, and visual arts. Expressive communication allows individuals to convey their creativity, emotions, and personal experiences.
4.5 Entertaining Communication:Entertaining communication serves the purpose of providing amusement, enjoyment, and relaxation. It includes various forms of entertainment, such as movies, television shows, comedy performances, and recreational activities. Entertainment communication aims to engage and captivate the audience, offering an escape from daily routines.
4.6 Communication for Social Change: Communication can be a powerful tool for social change and transformation. It involves raising awareness about social issues, promoting inclusivity and diversity, challenging stereotypes, and advocating for justice and equality. Communication for social change aims to mobilize communities, influence public opinion, and bring about positive societal transformations.
4.7 Communication for Development: Communication for development focuses on using communication strategies and interventions to address social and economic development challenges. It aims to empower communities, facilitate knowledge sharing, and promote sustainable development. Communication for development encompasses areas such as health communication, agricultural extension, and community engagement.
5. Enhancing Communication Effectiveness: The 7 Cs
The 7 Cs of communication are principles or guidelines that can help enhance the effectiveness of your communication. They provide a framework for clear, concise, and meaningful communication. The 7 Cs are as follows:
1. Clarity: Ensure that your message is clear and easily understandable to the recipient. Use simple and straightforward language, avoid jargon or technical terms unless necessary, and organize your thoughts in a logical manner. Clarity helps prevent misunderstandings and ensures that your intended message is effectively conveyed.
2. Conciseness: Be concise and to the point. Avoid unnecessary repetition, wordiness, or information overload. Express your ideas succinctly and use only the relevant details. Conciseness helps maintain the recipient's attention and makes your message more memorable.
3. Correctness: Communicate accurately and use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Verify facts and figures before conveying them. Incorrect information can lead to misunderstandings and undermine your credibility. Double-check your message for errors before sending or delivering it.
4. Completeness: Provide all the necessary information in your message to avoid confusion or the need for additional follow-up questions. Ensure that your message includes relevant details, instructions, or context. Incomplete messages can lead to ambiguity and require further clarification, wasting time and effort.
5. Consideration: Show empathy and consideration for the recipient's perspective, needs, and feelings. Tailor your message to the audience, taking into account their background, knowledge, and communication preferences. Being considerate builds rapport and enhances understanding between you and the recipient.
6. Courtesy: Maintain a polite and respectful tone in your communication. Use appropriate greetings, expressions, and language that demonstrate your professionalism and positive attitude. Courtesy fosters a positive atmosphere and promotes constructive dialogue.
7. Concreteness: Use specific and tangible language to make your message more vivid and tangible. Avoid vague or abstract statements that can be open to interpretation. Provide concrete examples, facts, or evidence to support your points. Concreteness helps make your message more relatable and memorable.
By incorporating the 7 Cs of communication into your interactions, whether in written or verbal form, you can improve the clarity, impact, and effectiveness of your communication, leading to better understanding and successful outcomes.
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6. Conclusion:
Communication, with its rich history, diverse concepts, and multifaceted nature, holds immense importance in the field of Library and Information Sciences. It serves as a powerful tool for exchanging information, building relationships, resolving conflicts, and driving societal change.
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