Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

1. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is the R&D wing of the Ministry of Defence, Govt of India, with a vision to empower India with cutting-edge defence technologies and a mission to achieve self-reliance in critical defence technologies and systems while equipping our armed forces with state-of-the-art weapon systems and equipment in accordance with requirements laid down by the three Services.
DRDO was formed in 1958 from the amalgamation of the then already functioning Technical Development Establishment (TDEs) of the Indian Army and the Directorate of Technical Development & Production (DTDP) with the Defence Science Organisation (DSO). DRDO was then a small organisation with ten establishments or laboratories. Over the years, it has grown multi-directionally in terms of the variety of subject disciplines, number of laboratories, achievements and stature.
Today, DRDO is a network of more than 50 laboratories which are deeply engaged in developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, like aeronautics, armaments, electronics, combat vehicles, engineering systems, instrumentation, missiles, advanced computing and simulation, unique materials, naval systems, life sciences, training, information systems and agriculture.
Dr. Samir V Kamat took over as Secretary of DDR&D and Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) on 26th Aug 2022. The Defence Research and Development Organisation is headquartered in New Delhi and has 50+ labs all across the country.

2. Essential Features of DRDO

• Government Organisation: DRDO is a government agency under the Ministry of Defence, making it India's primary body for defence research and development.
• Multidisciplinary Approach: It covers a wide range of scientific and technological disciplines, from aerospace engineering to electronics and materials science.
• Vast Network: DRDO operates through a network of laboratories and research centres across India, each specialising in different areas of defence research.
• Collaborative Efforts: DRDO collaborates with other defence organisations, academic institutions, and international entities to leverage expertise and resources.

3. Major Functions of DRDO

• Research and Development: DRDO conducts research to develop cutting-edge defence technologies, ranging from missiles and radar systems to advanced materials for military applications. Example: The development of the Agni series of missiles, including Agni-5, which has a long-range capability and nuclear deterrence.
• Testing and Evaluation: It conducts rigorous testing and evaluation of defence equipment and systems to ensure their reliability and effectiveness. Example: The successful testing of the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) missile system, Mission Shakti, in 2019.
• Technology Transfer: DRDO plays a role in transferring developed technologies to defence production units, enabling the indigenous manufacturing of military hardware. Example: The transfer of technology for the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
• Strategic Projects: It undertakes strategic projects, such as nuclear weapons development, missile defence systems, and cyber warfare capabilities. Example: The development of the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) system for missile defence.

4. Services Offered by DRDO

• Missile Development: DRDO is responsible for the development of various missile systems, including ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and anti-tank guided missiles. Example: The BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was developed in collaboration with Russia.
• Aerospace Research: It conducts research in the field of aerospace, leading to the development of aircraft, drones, and related technologies. Example: The Tejas Light Combat Aircraft, designed and developed by DRDO.
• Electronic Warfare: DRDO works on electronic warfare technologies, including radar systems, communication systems, and electronic countermeasures. Example: The Arudhra radar system for long-range surveillance.
• Chemical and Biological Defence: Research and development of technologies for protection against chemical and biological threats. Example: Development of protective gear for military personnel and civilians in response to biological threats.
• Materials Development: DRDO researches and develops advanced materials for use in defence applications, such as armour and composite materials. Example: Development of lightweight bulletproof jackets and body armour.
• Technology Transfer: It collaborates with defence production units to transfer developed technologies for indigenous manufacturing. Example: Transferring the Pinaka multiple rocket launcher system technology to private and public sector defence companies.